By ALI AL ANSSARI
Whenever they are airborne, aircraft must fly in accordance with either Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) or Visual Flight Rules (VFR). Flight in uncontrolled airspace is not subject to air traffic clearances or control,
so VFR flight is permitted everywhere in uncontrolled airspace. However, as you can see from the table , aircraft flying VFR are also permitted to fly in controlled airspace other than Class A airspace,
although, with the exception of Class E airspace, they need ATC clearance to do so and, so, have to maintain radio contact with ATC. Most Private Pilot Licence holders will be VFR pilots.
VFR flight is flight based on the principle that the pilot is able to manoeuvre and navigate his aircraft, and, most importantly, be able to avoid conflict and collision with other aircraft, by visual reference to external features.
More especially, when flying VFR, the pilot must be able to navigate his aircraft by reference to ground features.
Consequently, in order that the VFR principle may be adhered to at all times, VFR flight may only take place in Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC) which allow the pilot to maintain appropriate visual contact with the world outside his cockpit.
However, because air traffic rules apply differently to different classifications of airspace, VMC is also defined differently depending on the classification of airspace in which the VFR flight takes place, and on the aircraft’s vertical position.
VMC is defined, then, depending on airspace classification, by prescribed minimum visual conditions which are referred to as VMC minima.
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