The FAA and other regulatory authorities have specified the types and quantities of emergency equipment that must be installed in transport aircraft. The equipment specifications vary somewhat between different aircraft types but generally fall into several distinct categories, such as:
1)Passenger and crew Oxygen
2)Emergency lighting
3)Emergency Exits and Escape systems
4)Fire Extinguishers
5)First Aid Kits
6)Communications
7)Flotation Gear
1)Passenger and crew Oxygen
Oxygen must be provided for the crew and passengers in case of a cabin pressure failure. The quantity must be sufficient to provide for all persons during an emergency descent from cruising altitude to not more than 14,000 feet above sea level. There must also be a number of portable oxygen bottles to provide for medical emergencies.
2)Emergency lighting
Every aircraft must have emergency lighting that illuminates automatically to indicate the location of emergency exits, the paths to those exits, and to light the exits and escape slides. The number and type of emergency exits and escape slides depends on the number of passenger seats.
3)Fire Extinguishers
Fire extinguishers must be provided in both the cockpit and cabin and must contain extinguishing agents suitable for each different class of fire. Typically, there are both water and halon extinguishers in both locations.
4)First Aid Kits
First aid kits must be provided and regulations specify the amount and quantity of the contents. Many passenger aircraft also have emergency defilibrating equipment aboard for treatment of passengers experiencing heart attacks.
5) Emergency Communication Equipment
Megaphones must be provided so that the cabin crew can direct evacuations. Aircraft intended for extended overwater or remote area operations will also be equipped with emergency locator transmitter (ELTs).
6)Flotation Gear
For normal overland operations, the seat cushion provides the required flotation in the event of an emergency evacuation into a body of water. If the aircraft is operated over water beyond a certain distance from the nearest shore, each occupant must have life preserver. Life raft must be installed for long oceanic flights. Specific regulations address the requirements for various types of flotation gear.
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